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FIRST RHINO IVF IN THE WORLD

The historic event occurred on September 24, 2023, at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, where a southern white rhino surrogate mother successfully carried a 6.4cm-long male embryo for 70 days. This success with southern white rhino embryos paves the way for the critical next step: the transfer of northern white rhino embryos, a pivotal move in the fight against the species’ extinction.

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Bezos Earth Fund Leads Largest Youth-Led Energy Event

Washington, DC – November 28, 2023 The Bezos Earth Fund is set to take center stage as the primary sponsor for the 2023 Global Student Energy Summit, the world’s largest youth-led energy event. Bringing together over 650 young participants from 150 countries, the summit aims to create a transformative space for collaborative discussions on energy solutions, involving more than 30,000 young individuals. The event will serve as a launchpad for 15 youth-led clean energy start-ups and as a platform for training and supporting 30 COP28 delegates who are youth climate activists and advocates. The Bezos Earth Fund’s announcement of its headline sponsorship for the 2023 Global Student Energy Summit (SES 2023) comes with the theme “Reimagining the Future.” Hosted by New York University Abu Dhabi from November 28th to December 1st, 2023, this historic occasion is strategically aligned with COP28, providing a platform for young people from diverse backgrounds to collaborate with industry leaders and energy experts in driving a just and equitable clean energy future. SES stands as the world’s largest youth-led energy event, prioritizing equal gender representation and diverse perspectives, with 40% of attendees participating in their first international conference. Leading up to SES 2023, the summit engages over 30,000 young individuals through virtual and in-person capacity-building and digital engagement sessions. Andrew Steer, President and CEO of the Bezos Earth Fund, expressed excitement about this groundbreaking partnership, stating, “Since its establishment in 2009, Student Energy has evolved into the world’s largest youth-led organization dedicated to energy, empowering a network of 50,000 young people across 120 countries to accelerate the transition to a sustainable and equitable energy future. Our support for SES 2023 seamlessly aligns with the Bezos Earth Fund’s mission to foster innovation, collaboration, and action in the clean energy realm. The youth-led initiatives and start-ups emerging from this summit play a pivotal role in driving systemic change, and we take pride in being part of this movement.” As the future leaders of the energy sector, young participants face both a challenge and a unique opportunity. According to the International Energy Agency’s Net-Zero Emissions Scenario, over 30 million jobs in low-carbon technologies will be created by 2030. However, the Energy Transition Skills Report, conducted by Student Energy in partnership with Ørsted, reveals that 47.6% of the survey’s 2,000 youth respondents lack awareness of existing job opportunities. With over half of the global population under 30, young people require training to bridge labor shortfalls, promote economic development, ensure social welfare, and support climate resilience in vulnerable communities. The summit serves as a catalyst for action and entrepreneurship, offering support to 15 youth-led clean energy start-ups in priority regions through training and seed funding. Lydia Sanz Lozano, Co-Vice Chair of Programming for SES, emphasized, “SES23 is a platform to not only connect us with each other but also to sit at the table with representatives of governments, companies, and institutions during these three days. It fosters a lifelong connection to join forces and increase global efforts to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy.” In addition, SES 2023 serves as a launchpad for youth climate activists and advocates, training and supporting delegates to join a COP28 delegation that amplifies key messages from SES 2023 through partner-driven events. SES is making its debut in the Middle East, highlighting the vision of the UAE’s energy transition. Nicole Iseppi, Managing Director of Global Energy Innovation at the Bezos Earth Fund, remarked, “Leveraging the strategic location and timing of SES, we will support up to 40 SES delegates to attend COP28. Our partnership provides students with the opportunity to engage in UN proceedings and enrich the conversations at the highest level of climate change negotiations. We have a responsibility to support young innovators and elevate their voices on the global stage. SES 2023 is not just a summit; it’s a platform for tangible change, and we are excited to be a part of it.”

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“Ugly” Fruits on Food Insecurity and Climate Change

By Bernard Gitau Approximately one-third of the county’s food goes to waste, primarily due to its appearance. For many, discarded food is synonymous with spoiled ugali, expired flour, or uneaten githeri. However, Dr. Mary Mwale, a Food Security and Nutrition specialist at the Ministry of Agriculture, sheds light on the extensive process from the farm to the plate or refrigerator. Mwale points out that cosmetically imperfect or “ugly” fruits and vegetables often end up in landfills due to factors such as bad weather or suboptimal growing conditions. Farmers like Caleb Karuga share their experiences, highlighting mistakes in cultivation practices that lead to the production of imperfect crops. These imperfections, such as curved carrots or blemished apples, contribute to significant food loss. Mary Mwale emphasizes that this loss, especially in fruits and vegetables, is a pressing concern for the government, as the country already produces enough to meet consumption needs. However, approximately 30 to 40 percent of the produce is discarded due to perceived deformities. The impact on food security is evident, with millions of Kenyans facing food insecurity, particularly in informal settlements and arid areas. Despite this, the potential solution lies in embracing imperfect fruits and vegetables. According to Wanjiku Njoroge of Planet Patrons, these seemingly flawed produce items offer comparable nourishment to their supermarket counterparts. Imperfect food items, including crooked carrots and non-uniform watermelons, are often rejected based on industrial standards, leading to significant losses for farmers. The lack of a market for these imperfect foods results in wasted harvests, as highlighted by fruit farmer Mary Wanjiru. “In our dialect we call them ‘mathuro’ meaning rejects hence a candidate of dumping,” she said. Beyond the economic impact on farmers, the rejection of imperfect foods exacerbates environmental issues. Not only does the improper disposal of imperfect foods contribute to methane emissions in landfills, but it also adds to climate change and environmental pollution. Daniel Wanjuki, the founder of Ecosave Africa, emphasizes the role of methane in global warming and its detrimental effects on air quality. To address these challenges, Kenyans are urged to reconsider their attitudes toward imperfect foods. Embracing these rejected items not only reduces food waste but also contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture and consumption. Edited by Neville Ng’ambwa

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Tree planting holiday! But where are the seedlings?

By Bernard Gitau – The country’s effort to combat the effects of climate change is gaining momentum after the government declared a public holiday for tree-growing exercises. “In Exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 of the Public Holidays Act, the Cabinet Secretary for Interior and National Administration declares Monday, November 13, 2023, a public holiday in which the public shall be engaged in tree growing countrywide,” the gazette notice read. The initiative aims to plant 500 trees across 47 counties as part of the government target of 15 billion trees in 10 years. According to the Ministry of Forestry and Environment, the 15 billion trees will help in the restoration of 5.1 million hectares of deforested and degraded landscapes through the African Landscape Restoration Initiative. But as the country prepares for tree tree-growing frenzy, the question of the availability of seedlings arises. According to the gazette notice, the tree-growing campaign during these short rains aims at planting 500 million seedlings. With this ambitious figure of 500 million seedlings, the country might be facing a serious shortage of seedlings according to the Chief Conservator of Forest Alex Lemarkoko in a statement dated 10th September 2023. “During the current rainfall season which commenced in September, Kenya Forest Service has made available a total of 18,000,403 seedlings for planting countrywide,” Lemarkoko said. The statement added that, besides the tree seedlings available within KFS tree nurseries, there are also tree seedlings available in private tree nurseries and within nurseries operated by other institutions. “A total of 42,393,935 seedlings are currently available for planting in the current rainy season,” Lemarkoko added. The data from KFS indicate that the country at the moment has 60,394,338 seedlings, falling short of the targeted 500 million seedlings. To bridge the gap, KFS intends to continue raising more high-quality tree seedlings having received 4,680 kilograms of assorted tree seeds from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI). “The seeds have already been distributed to KFS tree nurseries countrywide for production of over 200 million seedlings for planting from the next tree planting season,” Lemarkoko asserted. At present, Lemarkoko revealed that KFS operates 300 tree nurseries, and there are plans to establish a further 41 additional nurseries mostly targeting Arid and Semi-Arid counties that have the greatest restoration potential. With the conversation changing from tree planting to tree growing, KFS has indicated its commitment to implement a comprehensive set of measures to ensure the survival of the planted trees. “These measures include regular monitoring, proper watering, protection from pests, and community engagement to foster stewardship,” said Alex Lemarkoko. The agency indicated that by harnessing the power of technology and innovation, the 15 Billion Trees campaign is also leveraging technological advancements such as remote sensing and the use of drones in forest monitoring. KFS said this will ensure data-driven decision-making, and enhanced efficiency in tree planting and maintenance. Another measure taken to promote monitoring of trees planted, KFS has participated in designing the Jaza Miti App which is a mobile application for tracking three planting progress across the country. “The major objective of the Jaza Miti App is to provide information that enhances science-based smart greening activities by stakeholders in forest-based enterprises,” Lemarkoko explained.   As part of the KFS collaborative approach, the service is actively supporting and partnering with other institutions and organizations dedicated to environmental conservation by sharing knowledge and resources to amplify collective impact. “In addition, under the 15 billion trees campaign, KFS through the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry is in the process of hiring 4,000 three nursery attendants for the ‘Green Army’ program,” Lemarkoko said. The Green Army is expected to greatly contribute to the achievement of growing 1.5 billion tree seedlings per year for the next ten years.

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Displaced by the Waters: Climate Refugees at Lake Bogoria, Kenya

By Dan Kaburu – After curtains fell at the first Africa Climate Summit, with calls to action by African countries to the Global North who bare the greatest responsibility of greenhouse gases emissions which the reason for climate change, victims of floods after Rift Valley lakes waters rose steadily in 2021 leaving thousands homeless, hopeless and economically crippled still remain displaced. Dispossessed of their land, the climate refugees of Kenya endure the relentless onslaught of climate change, which drove them from their homes as the lakes in the vast Rift Valley overflowed, compelling them to seek refuge alongside wildlife in Baringo County’s Lake Bogoria National Reserve. In the face of this catastrophic humanitarian crisis caused by tectonic plate movements within the Rift Valley, sedimentation, improper land use, and climate change, as stated by scientists, we embarked on a fact-finding mission to assess the consequences of rising water levels in the areas where thousands had sought shelter, in order to determine the measures taken to assist residents in rebuilding their lives three years later. Amidst the chaos, numerous internally displaced persons (IDPs) have sought solace in the vicinity of Lake Bogoria, after their homes and land was swallowed by the rising waters of lake Bogoria.  Women and children have been particularly affected, with the number of households in dire need of assistance. At least 150 households reside in Lake Bogoria National Reserve, with hope of getting a permanent home one day. “I lost two acres of land. One was where my home stood, and the other was my farming land. I used to grow vegetables, maize, and fruits. It was enough for my family,” said Beatrice Kurgat. Kurgat, a mother of nine, is among fifty others who now find themselves seeking refuge in Lake Bogoria National Reserve. Recently, life has become even more challenging after her daughter gave birth to twins in harsh living conditions, raising the total number of dependents in her household to thirteen. “After my daughter gave birth to twins two years ago, life became very tough. My grandchildren need milk and food every day. We take turns with my daughter to search for manual labor jobs to earn money for food,” added Kurgat. The teenage mother revealed that she had to abandon her dreams of pursuing further education shortly after completing her Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) exams, which coincided with her giving birth. “My children’s father deceived me and left me while I was pregnant. At the time, I had no idea I was expecting twins,” said the minor, whose identity we have concealed. During our visit, we encountered the young mother tending to her sick children. We decided to transport them to the nearest medical facility, several kilometers away from the national reserve. Our first destination was Loboi Dispensary, which had seen better days before its maternity wing was completely destroyed by the floodwaters from Lake Bogoria. “Our pregnant mothers face difficulties during childbirth. They are compelled to travel all the way to Marigat town, which is 20 kilometers from here. It has made things tough for them,” said Gilbert Kosgei, a nurse at Loboi Dispensary. Due to the destruction, crucial maternal care has been denied to the mothers. Additionally, healthcare workers, who have devoted their lives to assisting those in need here, have reported an increase in cases of respiratory ailments, malaria, typhoid, and other diseases resulting from environmental contamination. Once the young mother received medical attention, we decided to return to the village, where we met Solomon Chepsoi, who had constructed a makeshift house to shelter his family from the harsh environment. “This is where I moved with my family after Lake Bogoria swallowed my 15 acres of land,” said Chepsoi, as he called his son, who had been forced to drop out of school, to greet us. “I lost everything. I sold goats and cows and left the place I once called home. Now, I’m living with wildlife,” added Chepsoi. Chepsoi describes living in a game reserve with wild animals as a nightmare for their newfound community. “We have hyenas, hippos, and leopards around here. Just a few days ago, the Kenya Wildlife Service brought a huge python to this reserve, which is currently preying on our goats,” Chepsoi lamented. Since they reside in a game reserve, wildlife regulations prohibit them from engaging in any form of economic activity. As a result, finding sustenance for their daily needs has become an enormous challenge. As we tour his makeshift house, Chepsoi’s wife, Caroline Chongole, approaches us. She has just returned from fetching water for cooking and drinking from a spring three kilometers away. Chepsoi explains that the available water near their new home, located at the banks of Lake Bogoria, is unsuitable for cooking or drinking. “When we go to fetch water at River Loboi, we face the danger of snake attacks,” said Chongole, a mother of seven children. The area continues to become uninhabitable, and residents have even faced difficulties burying their deceased relatives. “When someone dies here, we have to leave them at the mortuary. We are not allowed to bury people in the game reserve,” said Chepsoi. Not far from this household, we meet Belinda Chepsoi, who gazes over the lake and wonders how such a beautiful natural resource could devastate their sources of livelihood. She points out a store at the entrance of Lake Bogoria National Reserve, where she used to make a living. Now, it is submerged in water. The store served as an economic lifeline for the Lake Bogoria Sossiche Women’s Group, enabling them to earn a decent income by selling tourist trinkets, curios, and drinks to visitors entering the reserve. Today, she is among the internally displaced persons (IDPs) living in the game reserve. “We had nine stores where we used to sell our merchandise. It was a double tragedy for us in 2020 when floods and COVID-19 devastated our businesses,” Chepsoi explained. Judy Kiprotich, also a member of the Lake Bogoria Sossiche Women’s…

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Age Marking: Transforming Kenya into a Green Paradise

How The Simple Act of Marking Your Age Can Turn Kenya into a Green Paradise Gabon has dominated news lately due to the coup that toppled former President Ali Bongo. And for me, Gabon should also be in the news for a much better, nay greener reason – its 88 percent forest cover! This makes Gabon one of the most forested countries in the world and proves that Kenya too can realize a forty percent tree cover by 2035.  As we celebrated the annual Plant Your Age Day on 14th September 2023, our team demonstrated how to practically achieve this tree revolution. Our first tool for executing this tree revolution is our demographics. Each of Kenya’s 55.3 million people should be supported and nudged to be a tree warrior who fights tooth and nail for a rapid, sustainable tree cover expansion. Accordingly, just like in Sun Tzu’s Art of War, ‘victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.’ In this context, ‘winning’ first means having a revolutionary, winning mindset and strategy. Kenya’s median age is 19.6 years. If every Kenyan pledged to plant an average of 19.6 trees annually, we would end up with 1.08 billion trees annually. In just seven years, this tree revolution would deliver 7.5 billion trees. But for that to happen, all the tree warriors would have to shift their mindset from mere tree planting to tree growing. While tree planting simply places a seedling into the soil and forgets about it, tree growing nurtures that seedling to full maturity. If we embrace this challenge, Kenya will become a green beacon of hope that could trigger a green revolution across Africa! That way, Africa’s own forest cover can eventually grow from the current 22.7% to at least 40%! Our second tool for executing a tree revolution is our private sector. Yes, our businesses, as well as learning institutions, faith-based institutions, and non-profit organizations, can play a lead role in growing trees across Kenya. For instance, Safaricom has a market capitalization of KES 621 billion, which makes it East and Central Africa’s most valuable company. The company has an extensive, active subscriber base of 46 million people. If just half of these subscribers were incentivized to plant trees equivalent to their ages, every year, that would amount to 3.75 billion new trees within just seven years! Safaricom can become a corporate tree warrior through discounted airtime or internet bundles. In the same vein, a bank such as KCB could follow suit by turning its 28.9 million customers into tree warriors. The goal would be for half of these customers to grow trees equivalent to the average Kenyan age of 19.6 years, for seven successive years. This would add 2.37 billion trees to Kenya’s landscape. Here the incentives could include discounted bank charges and corporate social investment programs. Oil marketers too can support this cause, as major stakeholders in the climate change conversation. Vivo Oil for instance could decide that for every two litres of oil imported, a tree seedling costing about Kshs 30 is planted. Out of their estimated 1.3 billion litres per year per year they would plant 650 million trees annually. After seven years, Vivo could contribute to the earth’s lungs with 4.55 billion trees. A green signature that could be sealed through discounted oil pump prices. In the non-profit sector, an international organization such as the World Vision could integrate tree growing into existing programs so that the 3.1 million people in its sphere of work plant trees equivalent to their ages. This would result in 425.32 million trees planted over seven years. Similarly, embassies in Kenya could rally the estimated 1.5 million foreigners to plant 19.6 trees per person, then we would achieve 205.6 million trees in seven years. These simple yet practical structured steps demonstrate a possibility of growing 18.8 billion trees in seven years. This would seal Kenya’s emerging role as a veritable leader in greening the earth. The secret lies in turning our ages into annual tree growing targets. Think green, act green!

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The Horsemen of Mt. Kenya

By Bernard Gitau – Mount Kenya National Park, often referred to as an ‘ecological island,’ boasts a distinctive Afro-alpine ecosystem while serving as a critical water source for Kenya. Its diverse wildlife includes elephants, tree hyrax, leopards, and more, with some rare species like bongo and giant forest hogs. Above 3,000 meters, the alpine zone unfolds a rich tapestry of grassy glades, moorlands, and tussock grasslands. Despite its natural significance, Mount Kenya faces intense pressure from surrounding development and agriculture. Threats such as illegal logging, bushmeat hunting, and human-elephant conflicts imperil this unique habitat. To combat these challenges, the Horse Patrol Team, led by Edwin Kinyanjui, plays a crucial role. These dedicated rangers live high in the mountains, where they patrol inaccessible areas to uncover traps, deter poachers, and combat illegal logging. Equipped with horses, they cover extensive ground, covering over 10 kilometers daily, significantly reducing forest crimes. The horses also allow the patrol teams to provide medical aid to injured wildlife, combat wildfires, and dismantle poacher camps. Although acclimatizing horses to Mount Kenya was initially challenging, they have become an invaluable asset in the fight for conservation. Pius Mutuma, another ranger, proudly highlights the team’s success in curbing illegal activities. However, their efforts come with risks, as they often encounter armed loggers and poachers. Some even mistake them for tourists due to their horseback patrols. Despite these challenges, the Horse Patrol Team, drawn from the local community, serves as conservation ambassadors. Their dedication safeguards the ecosystem housing Mount Kenya, Africa’s second-tallest mountain, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They enhance law enforcement efforts, reducing poaching and human-wildlife conflicts, all while protecting vital migration routes for elephants. With restored elephant corridors and electric fences, they foster coexistence between humans and wildlife. The work of the Mt Kenya Trust and the bravery of the Horse Patrol Team are essential to preserving this unique natural habitat against immediate threats. In summary, the Horse Patrol Team stands as unwavering guardians of Mount Kenya, protecting its biodiversity and ensuring a sustainable future for this remarkable ecological island.

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